Field Guide to Intermountain Cyperaceae (excluding Carex) › Eleocharis

Eleocharis flavescens (Poiret) Urban
var. flavescens

Yellow spikerush, Pale spikerush

Figure 29

Synonyms:

Eleocharis flavescens var. thermalis (Rydberg) Cronquist, E. thermalis Rydberg, Scirpus flavescens Poiret

Plant habit:

Tufted and mat-forming perennials with long, slender, horizontal rhizomes; culms of taller plants erect, cylindric to somewhat flattened, grooved, soft, bright green, 3–42 cm tall, 0.3–0.6 mm thick. Dry leaves and culms accumulate at the base.

Leaves:

1–2, basal; upper sheath inflated distally, loosely wrapping the stem, thinly membranous and often disintegrating, scarious, wrinkled, white; tooth absent.

Involucral bracts:

None.

Spikelets:

Solitary, 4–16 (20) flowered, ellipsoid or ovoid, pale to light green, apex acute, 1.5–4 (9) mm long, 1–3.5 mm thick.

Scales:

Up to 65, 5-7 per mm of rachis, loosely appressed to appressed, elliptic or ovate, membranous, straw-colored to brown with a broad greenish to reddish-brown midstrip, margins hyaline scarious, apex obtuse or acute, 1–3 mm long, 0.4–1.6 mm wide; lowest scale without a flower and not amplexicaulis.

Flowers:

Perfect; perianth bristles (0) 5–8, spinulose, rudimentary to slightly exceeding the achene, white to straw-colored; stamens 3; styles bifid, rarely trifid.

Achenes:

Obovoid, lenticular to roundish, rarely trigonous, smooth to finely reticulate, shiny, reddish brown to blackish brown when ripe, 0.4–0.8 (1.0) mm long, 0.3–0.6 mm wide; tubercles distinct, conical, pale, 0.2–0.5 mm high, 0.2–0.4 mm wide.

Fruiting: spring—summer.
Habitat and distribution:

Brackish wet places, creeks, dunes, hot springs, and salt marshes from sea level to 1600 m elevation. In the Intermountain region known from Cache County, Utah, and around hot springs in Yellowstone Park. In the United States from Montana to California, Arizona, and Texas in the West; Arkansas to Virginia and south to Louisiana and Florida in the East; South America and the Caribbean Islands. Spring—summer.

Similar species:

See Eleocharis geniculata (last paragraph of E. obtusa).

Eleocharis flavescens var. flavescens: photographs of pale terminal spikelets and scales, and dark achenes surrounded by bristles. Drawings show the plant base and an enlarged achene with bristles.
Figure 29. Eleocharis flavescens var. flavescens. (A) Inflorescences, (B) scales, (C) achenes with bristles attached. Photos and drawings: E.G. Hurd.

Download the field guide (PDF)